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The purpose of this paper is to apply an efficient hybrid computational numerical technique, namely, q-homotopy analysis Sumudu transform method (q-HASTM) and residual power series method (RPSM) for finding the analytical solution of the non-linear time-fractional Hirota–Satsuma coupled KdV (HS-cKdV) equations.

The proposed technique q-HASTM is the graceful amalgamations of q-homotopy analysis method with Sumudu transform via Caputo fractional derivative, whereas RPSM depend on generalized formula of Taylors series along with residual error function.

To illustrate and validate the efficiency of the proposed technique, the authors analyzed the projected non-linear coupled equations in terms of fractional order. Moreover, the physical behavior of the attained solution has been captured in terms of plots and by examining the L₂ and L_∞ error norm for diverse value of fractional order.

The authors implemented two technique, q-HASTM and RPSM to obtain the solution of non-linear time-fractional HS-cKdV equations. The obtained results and comparison between q-HASTM and RPSM, shows that the proposed methods provide the solution of non-linear models in form of a convergent series, without using any restrictive assumption. Also, the proposed algorithm is easy to implement and highly efficient to analyze the behavior of non-linear coupled fractional differential equation arisen in various area of science and engineering.

The purpose of this study is progressive collapse behavior in buildings. It occurs due to removal/damage of a column by fire, blast or vehicle impact.

The present study investigates the comparative behavior of 3D four-storey moment resisting steel frame using ABAQUS to predict the sensitivity of the structure in progressive collapse because of fire loads. Columns at different levels were given different temperature with reduced material properties and yield strength. Progressive collapse load combination was adopted as per General Service Administration guidelines. Corner, middle, intermediate, multiple corner and multiple intermediate columns were subjected to fire load separately.

The results for displacement, stress, shear force and axial force were captured and discussed.

The study covers linear analysis of steel frame because of different temperature. In linear analysis. columns were subjected to different temperature and their results were studied. Effect of temperature in the structure were captured because of different fire conditions.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of progressive collapse under high temperature for a reinforced concrete (RC) frame. An analytical programme was analysed for a two-bay five-storey RC frame exposed to high temperature at different column locations.

The effects of high temperature protections and locations (i.e. corner, middle and intermediate) on collapse conditions and load distributions were studied for the steady-state linear analysis using finite element software.

The results show that the frame will not collapse suddenly at temperatures up to 400°C. This is attributed to an increase in the deflections of the column, which increases the lateral displacement of adjacent heated columns and governs their buckling. This indicates that the temperature rating in the column against collapse can occur at a range of 500°C-600°C compared to that of individual members. The collapse pattern of RC frames designed as ordinary moment resisting frames, and under ordinary load, combinations is based on GSA guidelines. The results for displacement, stress and axial force were collected and discussed.

The two-bay five-storey frame has been created in finite element software, and linear analysis is used to perform this study with a different temperature.

Progressive collapse because of high temperatures arising from an explosion, vehicle impact or fire is an important issue for structural failure in high-rise buildings.

The present study, using ABAQUS software for the analysis, investigated the progressive collapse of a two-dimensional, three-bay, four-storey steel frame structure from high-temperature stresses.

After structure reaches the temperature results like displacement, stress axial load and shear force are discussed.

Different temperatures were applied to the columns at different heights of a structure framed with various materials. Progressive collapse load combinations were also applied as per general service administration guidelines.

This study covered both steady-state and transient-state conditions of a multistorey-frame building subjected to a rise in temperature in the corner columns and intermediate columns. The columns in the framed structure were subjected to high temperatures at different heights, and the resulting displacements, stresses and axial loads were obtained, analysed and discussed.

A large literature studies why firms self-regulate and “signal green.” However, it has ignored that regulators have enforcement discretion, and may act strategically. We fill this gap. We build a game theoretic model of whether a firm should signal its type through substantial self-regulation. We find self-regulation is a double-edged sword: it can potentially preempt legislation, but it can also lead regulators to demand higher levels of compliance from greener firms if preemption fails. We show how self-regulatory decisions depend upon industry characteristics and political responsiveness to corporate environmental leadership. We have made a number of simplifying assumptions. We assume activist groups cannot challenge regulatory flexibility in court, and that regulatory penalties are fixed and are not collected by the regulator. Firms with low compliance costs confront a tradeoff regarding self-regulation. They can blend in with the rest of the industry, and take few self-regulatory steps. This reduces the risk of regulation somewhat, and preserves their ability to obtain regulatory flexibility should regulation be imposed. Alternatively, they can step up with substantial self-regulation. This better mitigates the risk of regulation, but at the risk of signaling low costs and becoming a target for stringent enforcement should regulation pass. Recent work has found negative market reactions to corporate claims of voluntary emissions reductions, despite the conventional wisdom that it “pays to be green.” We offer a new explanation to scholars and managers: regulatory discretion may undermine the ability of industry self-regulation to profitably preempt mandatory regulatory requirements.

This study investigates what causes businesses to increase their environmental stewardship beyond the governmental standards. This “beyond compliance behavior” is examined by analyzing the influence of organizational slack and institutional pressures in the European paper and paperboard industry. Beyond compliance behavior is measured as the adoption of a sustainable forestry certificate issued by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). The longitudinal (10-year period) dataset consists of adoption events per company, their business characteristics and historic socio-economic data per region in the respective European countries. Examination was done by means of an event history analysis using the program “R.” The results show differences between antecedents of compliance and beyond compliance behavior. The authors discuss the results in the light of institutional and stakeholder theories. Due to institutional shifts in environmental demands, adoption of an FSC certificate has become an off-the-shelf compliance answer to legitimacy issues disguised as a progressive environmental stewardship program.

This chapter analyzes the indirect effects of environmental management system (EMS) implementation and its certification and relates these to international governance in the context of new public environmental management. Building on a comprehensive quantitative dataset, it assesses the effects of ISO 14001 and EMAS (Eco-Management and Auditing Scheme) certification as well as temporal experience with EMS implementation on organizational activities outside the scope of EMS, while taking into account embeddedness and interaction effects. The analysis reveals heterogeneous effects, with limited evidence of embeddedness and interaction effects. As well, no influences of national business systems can be identified. Implications for the role of national governments in implementing sustainability strategies, even beyond environmental management, and aspects of standard flexibility in the process of governing firms to implementing such strategies in an international context are discussed.

The UK government’s support for sustainable construction involves an explicit attempt to introduce a new institutional logic into the construction sector, while the use of Building Research Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) as a preferred policy mechanism exemplifies neoliberal use of voluntary self-regulation to promote policy goals. This paper uses the case of BREEAM to examine the role of science and scientific expertise in the exercise of neoliberal governance. More specifically, it combines a neo-institutional analysis of change with Foucault’s theory of governmentality to explore the effect of BREEAM on eight construction projects. The concepts of visibility, knowledge, techniques, and identity provide an analytic grid to explore the effect of BREEAM on understandings and practices of “green building.” Appeals to science and scientific authority are found to be most important in those instances where institutional logics clash and the legitimacy of BREEAM as a carrier of sustainable construction is challenged. From a theoretical perspective, the case studies highlight the role of instruments in the micro-dynamics of institutionalization. Empirically, it underlines the limited, but nonetheless significant, effect of weakly institutionalized neoliberal policy mechanisms.